concept model: SAVVI Concept Model

Version: 1.0.2 Baseline

Created: 8 June 2026

New introduction notes.

SAVVI, standing for ‘a Scalable Approach to Vulnerability via Interoperability’, is a programme hosted by Tameside Council on behalf of the local public sector, and funded by the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (MHCLG) Local Digital Fund.

SAVVI is proposing the SAVVI Playbook, to promote how data can be used to improve early identification and smarter interventions, for vulnerable people, particularly where no single organisation has access to all the data and insight that can predict who may be at risk, and where no single organisation has all the support services.

SAVVI is proposing Data Standards towards achieving the SAVVI ambition which includes

avoid single-use databases that can only tackle one type of vulnerability in a fixed way;
encourage technology and service suppliers to innovate with modular solutions that can be interconnected and reused;
unlock access to data
reuse investments in platforms, tools, processes, trust networks etc
enable success to be repeated elsewhere without relying on the same products and partners

This Concept Model defines the key concepts that enable data to flow around the SAVVI Process

Namespace: http://def.savviuk.org/concepts#
Default Prefix: savvi

SAVVI Concept Model

Renditions

Format	Link
Graphviz DOT	dot.txt
DSD JSON	dsd.json
CSV	conceptmodel.csv
RDF Schema (Turtle)	conceptmodel.ttl

Index

Concepts

Concept	Description
Action	An action that has been carried out as a part of responding to a NEED.
Assessment	An understanding of NEEDs and circumstances.
Case	A container for information established to manage one or more NEEDs for a PERSON or HOUSEHOLD, through which events, evidence, activities, and decisions are recorded and tracked over time in order to achieve an intended OUTCOME.
Cohort	An initial prioritised list of people and households that may have a risk of a VULNERABILITY.
Contact Event	A record of an event in which the situation of a person or household was sought.
Data Reuse Proposition	A proposition that sets out the foundation for how a group of RISK-FACTORs derived from an INFORMATION-TYPE can be reused for a specified PURPOSE, allowed by an ENABLER.
Delivery Organisation	A service provider who delivers actions that respond to a NEED.
Enabler	A source of rules that allow data to be reused for a new PURPOSE
Household	A collection of PERSONs who live together at the same RESIDENCE.
Information Type	A generic description of a dataset that one or many organisations may hold, collected for a single PURPOSE.
Lead Organisation	An organisation responsible for coordinating a vulnerability initiative, and with remit for the PURPOSE.
Metric	A statistic that evidences the imperative for a VULNERABILITY to be addressed.
Need	An unmet requirement of a Person or Household that can be addressed.
Outcome	A result that has been achieved by addressing the NEEDs of a Person or Household.
Person	An Individual who may be vulnerable.
Place	A geographic area.
Plan	A set of planned actions designed to respond to a NEED over a period.
Purpose	The remit that an Organisation has to carry out an initiative covering one or more VULNERABILITYs.
Referral	A decision to direct a NEED to a support SERVICE.
Residence	A home of a PERSON
Responsible Organisation	An organisation who is made responsible for a CASE.
Risk Factor	A single fact about a Person or Household that can be combined with others to categorise the risk of a VULNERABILITY , and predict NEEDs.
Risk Model	The rules by which RISK FACTORs will be used to prioritise VULNERABILITY risk, and predict NEEDs.
Service	The ability for a Delivery Organisation to carry out one or more predetermined methods designed to deliver an OUTCOME.
Source Organisation	An Organisation that can provide data
Vulnerability	The increased risk of a poor outcome.

Concepts from iStandUK General Concepts

Concept	Description
Data Product	A facility that provides controlled access to one or more ATTRIBUTEs.
Attribute	A single fact about a Subject; preferably boolean

Concepts from Smart City Concept Model

Concept	Description
Event	An occurrence that has or might happen.
Case	A container for information recording the history of EVENTS initiated by a SERVICE Demand.
Organization	A group of PERSONs with a collective goal.
Person	An individual human being.
Place	A geographic or virtual part of space.
Plan	A list of steps with times and RESOURCEs, used to achieve an OBJECTIVE.
Building	A man-made structure, at a fixed or temporary PLACE, intended for sheltering PERSONs or other OBJECTs.

Links

From	Link	To
Action	ActionAddressesNeed	Need
Action	ActionPerformedByOrganisation	Delivery Organisation
Assessment	AssessmentAssessesRiskOfVulnerability	Vulnerability
Assessment	AssessmentIdentifiesNeed	Need
Case	CaseAboutVulnerability	Vulnerability
Case	CaseContainsAssessment	Assessment
Case	CaseContainsEvent	Contact Event
Case	CaseManagesNeed	Need
Cohort	CohortContainsVulnerability	Vulnerability
Data Product	DataProductDerivedFromInformationType	Information Type
Data Product	DataProductManagedBySourceOrganisation	Source Organisation
Data Product	DataProductProvidesAccessTo	Risk Factor
Data Reuse Proposition	EnabledBy	Enabler
Household	HouseholdComposedFromPerson	Person
Household	HouseholdHasResidence	Residence
Information Type	InformationTypeHasController	Source Organisation
Information Type	InformationTypeIsASourceOfRiskFactor	Risk Factor
Metric	MetricAboutSubject	Place
Metric	MetricInformsVulnerability	Vulnerability
Need	NeedArisesFromVulnerability	Vulnerability
Need	NeedHasReferral	Referral
Need	NeedOfHousehold	Household
Need	NeedOfPerson	Person
Responsible Organisation	OrgamnisationMakesReferral	Referral
Lead Organisation	OrganisationDefinesRiskModel	Risk Model
Delivery Organisation	OrganisationDeterminesPlan	Plan
Lead Organisation	OrganisationHasPurpose	Purpose
Responsible Organisation	OrganisationMakesAssessment	Assessment
Delivery Organisation	OrganisationProvidesService	Service
Responsible Organisation	OrganisationResponsibleForCase	Case
Delivery Organisation	OrganisationServesPlace	Place
Outcome	OutcomeOfNeed	Need
Person	PersonResidesAt	Residence
Plan	PlanAddressesNeed	Need
Risk Model	PredictsNeed	Need
Risk Model	PredictsVulnerabilty	Vulnerability
Data Reuse Proposition	ProposesUseOfRiskFactor	Risk Factor
Data Reuse Proposition	PropositionAppliesToPurpose	Purpose
Data Reuse Proposition	PropositionForInformationType	Information Type
Purpose	PurposeFivesRemitForVulnerability	Vulnerability
Referral	ReferralToService	Service
Residence	ResidenceContainedInPlace	Place
Risk Factor	RiskFactorDescribesHousehold	Household
Risk Factor	RiskFactorDescribesPerson	Person
Risk Model	RiskModelUsesRiskFactor	Risk Factor
Vulnerability	VulnerabilityOfHousehold	Household
Vulnerability	VulnerabilityOfPerson	Person

Concepts

Action

An action that has been carried out as a part of responding to a NEED.

Action

Links:

Action → ActionAddressesNeed → Need
Action → ActionPerformedByOrganisation → Delivery Organisation

Super Concepts:

Event (Smart City Concept Model)

Assessment

An understanding of NEEDs and circumstances.

Notes:

An ASSESSMENT is the result of capturing new information, by direct contact, and/or from information held by other organisations and professionals.

Assessment

Links:

Assessment → AssessmentAssessesRiskOfVulnerability → Vulnerability
Assessment → AssessmentIdentifiesNeed → Need
Case → CaseContainsAssessment → Assessment
Responsible Organisation → OrganisationMakesAssessment → Assessment

Case

A container for information established to manage one or more NEEDs for a PERSON or HOUSEHOLD, through which events, evidence, activities, and decisions are recorded and tracked over time in order to achieve an intended OUTCOME.

Case

Links:

Case → CaseAboutVulnerability → Vulnerability
Case → CaseContainsAssessment → Assessment
Case → CaseContainsEvent → Contact Event
Case → CaseManagesNeed → Need
Responsible Organisation → OrganisationResponsibleForCase → Case

Super Concepts:

Case (Smart City Concept Model)

Cohort

An initial prioritised list of people and households that may have a risk of a VULNERABILITY.

Notes:

This is the result of running the RISK MODEL, so that only people or households that meet a minimum risk category are listed and prioritised.

Cohort

Links:

Cohort → CohortContainsVulnerability → Vulnerability

Contact Event

A record of an event in which the situation of a person or household was sought.

Contact Event

Links:

Case → CaseContainsEvent → Contact Event

Data Reuse Proposition

A proposition that sets out the foundation for how a group of RISK-FACTORs derived from an INFORMATION-TYPE can be reused for a specified PURPOSE, allowed by an ENABLER.

Notes:

A proposition will include

Lawful Basis
Legal Gateways This is not a replacement for a DPIA, or a Data Sharing Agreement between actual organisations.

Data Reuse Proposition

Links:

Data Reuse Proposition → EnabledBy → Enabler
Data Reuse Proposition → ProposesUseOfRiskFactor → Risk Factor
Data Reuse Proposition → PropositionAppliesToPurpose → Purpose
Data Reuse Proposition → PropositionForInformationType → Information Type

Delivery Organisation

A service provider who delivers actions that respond to a NEED.

Delivery Organisation

Links:

Action → ActionPerformedByOrganisation → Delivery Organisation
Delivery Organisation → OrganisationDeterminesPlan → Plan
Delivery Organisation → OrganisationProvidesService → Service
Delivery Organisation → OrganisationServesPlace → Place

Super Concepts:

Organization (Smart City Concept Model)

Enabler

A source of rules that allow data to be reused for a new PURPOSE

Notes:

Enablers are often the source of Legal Gateways.

Enabler

Links:

Data Reuse Proposition → EnabledBy → Enabler

Household

A collection of PERSONs who live together at the same RESIDENCE.

Notes:

See definition https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/household

Some use cases may constrain this definition further, such as …

The ONS definition

One person living alone, or a group of people (not necessarily related) living at the same address who share cooking facilities and share a living room, sitting room or dining area.

The Individualised Learner Record definition

A household is defined as a housekeeping unit or, operationally, as a social unit:

Having common arrangements;
Sharing household expenses or daily needs;
In a shared common residence.

A household includes either one person living alone or a group of people, not necessarily related, living at the same address with common housekeeping, i.e. sharing at least one meal per day or sharing a living or sitting room.

Household

Links:

Household → HouseholdComposedFromPerson → Person
Household → HouseholdHasResidence → Residence
Need → NeedOfHousehold → Household
Risk Factor → RiskFactorDescribesHousehold → Household
Vulnerability → VulnerabilityOfHousehold → Household

Information Type

A generic description of a dataset that one or many organisations may hold, collected for a single PURPOSE.

Notes:

Examples of INFORMATION-TYPEs include

Adult Social Care
Council Tax
Universal Credit The Supporting Families programme gives examples including
A&E records
Health Visitor
Police reports
School Attendance

Information Type

Links:

Data Product → DataProductDerivedFromInformationType → Information Type
Information Type → InformationTypeHasController → Source Organisation
Information Type → InformationTypeIsASourceOfRiskFactor → Risk Factor
Data Reuse Proposition → PropositionForInformationType → Information Type

Lead Organisation

An organisation responsible for coordinating a vulnerability initiative, and with remit for the PURPOSE.

Notes:

This organisation will be responsible for the oversight of Information Governance.

Lead Organisation

Links:

Lead Organisation → OrganisationDefinesRiskModel → Risk Model
Lead Organisation → OrganisationHasPurpose → Purpose

Super Concepts:

Organization (Smart City Concept Model)

Metric

A statistic that evidences the imperative for a VULNERABILITY to be addressed.

Notes:

Examples of METRICs include

Rate of debt relief orders per 10,000 adults
Proportion of adults in receipt of Housing Benefits METRICs can apply to a locality or a population segment, which can then be compared to illustrate outliers.

The Local Government Association (LGA) defines a set of METRICs at https://standards.esd.org.uk/?uri=list%2FmetricTypes

Metric

Links:

Metric → MetricAboutSubject → Place
Metric → MetricInformsVulnerability → Vulnerability

Need

An unmet requirement of a Person or Household that can be addressed.

Notes:

Examples of NEEDs include

secure housing
managing debt
ensure take up of benefits
to be evacuated during a flood The Supporting Families programme lists 34 NEEDs including
parenting support
support with their finances
achieve at least 90% school attendance

Need

Links:

Action → ActionAddressesNeed → Need
Assessment → AssessmentIdentifiesNeed → Need
Case → CaseManagesNeed → Need
Need → NeedArisesFromVulnerability → Vulnerability
Need → NeedHasReferral → Referral
Need → NeedOfHousehold → Household
Need → NeedOfPerson → Person
Outcome → OutcomeOfNeed → Need
Plan → PlanAddressesNeed → Need
Risk Model → PredictsNeed → Need

Outcome

A result that has been achieved by addressing the NEEDs of a Person or Household.

Notes:

Examples of OUTCOMEs include

In secure accommodation
Good school attendance The Supporting Families programme lists 64 OUTCOMES including
Young person not involved in crime or anti-social behaviour
Domestic abuse has stopped
Adult is in work
Debt is being managed or has been resolved

Outcome

Links:

Outcome → OutcomeOfNeed → Need

Person

An Individual who may be vulnerable.

Person

Links:

Household → HouseholdComposedFromPerson → Person
Need → NeedOfPerson → Person
Person → PersonResidesAt → Residence
Risk Factor → RiskFactorDescribesPerson → Person
Vulnerability → VulnerabilityOfPerson → Person

Super Concepts:

Person (Smart City Concept Model)

Place

A geographic area.

Notes:

This should be a recognised geospatial definition with an identifier.

Place

Links:

Metric → MetricAboutSubject → Place
Delivery Organisation → OrganisationServesPlace → Place
Residence → ResidenceContainedInPlace → Place

Super Concepts:

Place (Smart City Concept Model)

Plan

A set of planned actions designed to respond to a NEED over a period.

Plan

Links:

Delivery Organisation → OrganisationDeterminesPlan → Plan
Plan → PlanAddressesNeed → Need

Super Concepts:

Plan (Smart City Concept Model)

Purpose

The remit that an Organisation has to carry out an initiative covering one or more VULNERABILITYs.

Notes:

Examples of PURPOSEs may include

Civil Contingencies
Homeless Prevention
Supporting Families A PURPOSE can be defined using Powers or Duties, or an established Programme

Purpose

Links:

Lead Organisation → OrganisationHasPurpose → Purpose
Data Reuse Proposition → PropositionAppliesToPurpose → Purpose
Purpose → PurposeFivesRemitForVulnerability → Vulnerability

Referral

A decision to direct a NEED to a support SERVICE.

Notes:

A RESPONSIBLE ORGANISATION may refer a NEED directly to a partner Support SERVICE, or make recommendations about other relevant SERVICEs.

Referral

Links:

Need → NeedHasReferral → Referral
Responsible Organisation → OrgamnisationMakesReferral → Referral
Referral → ReferralToService → Service

Residence

A home of a PERSON

Residence

Links:

Household → HouseholdHasResidence → Residence
Person → PersonResidesAt → Residence
Residence → ResidenceContainedInPlace → Place

Super Concepts:

Building (Smart City Concept Model)

Responsible Organisation

An organisation who is made responsible for a CASE.

Responsible Organisation

Links:

Responsible Organisation → OrgamnisationMakesReferral → Referral
Responsible Organisation → OrganisationMakesAssessment → Assessment
Responsible Organisation → OrganisationResponsibleForCase → Case

Super Concepts:

Organization (Smart City Concept Model)

Risk Factor

A single fact about a Person or Household that can be combined with others to categorise the risk of a VULNERABILITY , and predict NEEDs.

Notes:

Examples of RISK FACTORs include

Lives Alone
has a Blue Badge
has Rent Arrears
Not Registered with a GP
No Adult in Household in Employment RISK FACTORs can also be ‘protective’ - that is, information that demonstrates that a risk is reduced, or is already being managed.

A RISK-FACTOR is a type of ATTRIBUTE so that it can be represented as a single fact about a Person or Household; preferably boolean but could have a single value that can be acted on in a Rules Engine.

ATTRIBUTEs support data-minimisation so that only the necessary information is passed, using a precise definition.

ATTRIBUTEs are also useful for other uses such as establishing eligibility for a Service.

Risk Factor

Links:

Data Product → DataProductProvidesAccessTo → Risk Factor
Information Type → InformationTypeIsASourceOfRiskFactor → Risk Factor
Data Reuse Proposition → ProposesUseOfRiskFactor → Risk Factor
Risk Factor → RiskFactorDescribesHousehold → Household
Risk Factor → RiskFactorDescribesPerson → Person
Risk Model → RiskModelUsesRiskFactor → Risk Factor

Super Concepts:

Attribute (iStandUK General Concepts)

Risk Model

The rules by which RISK FACTORs will be used to prioritise VULNERABILITY risk, and predict NEEDs.

Notes:

RISK FACTORS can be combined and weighted to identify and categorise people and households who may have a VULNERABILITY, and predict NEEDs.

Risk Models should be based on evidence and studies, and will be continually improved by learning.

Risk Model

Links:

Lead Organisation → OrganisationDefinesRiskModel → Risk Model
Risk Model → PredictsNeed → Need
Risk Model → PredictsVulnerabilty → Vulnerability
Risk Model → RiskModelUsesRiskFactor → Risk Factor

Service

The ability for a Delivery Organisation to carry out one or more predetermined methods designed to deliver an OUTCOME.

Notes:

Examples of SERVICE include

Benefits Review
Counselling

Service

Links:

Delivery Organisation → OrganisationProvidesService → Service
Referral → ReferralToService → Service

Source Organisation

An Organisation that can provide data

Source Organisation

Links:

Data Product → DataProductManagedBySourceOrganisation → Source Organisation
Information Type → InformationTypeHasController → Source Organisation

Super Concepts:

Organization (Smart City Concept Model)

Vulnerability

The increased risk of a poor outcome.

Notes:

VULNERABILITYs might include

becoming homeless
being unsafe during adverse weather such as a flood
children disadvantaged by poverty The Supporting Families programme call these “Headline Outcomes”, with examples such as
getting a good education
children safe from abuse and exploitation

Vulnerability

Links:

Assessment → AssessmentAssessesRiskOfVulnerability → Vulnerability
Case → CaseAboutVulnerability → Vulnerability
Cohort → CohortContainsVulnerability → Vulnerability
Metric → MetricInformsVulnerability → Vulnerability
Need → NeedArisesFromVulnerability → Vulnerability
Risk Model → PredictsVulnerabilty → Vulnerability
Purpose → PurposeFivesRemitForVulnerability → Vulnerability
Vulnerability → VulnerabilityOfHousehold → Household
Vulnerability → VulnerabilityOfPerson → Person

Concepts from iStandUK General Concepts

Concept	Description
Data Product	A facility that provides controlled access to one or more ATTRIBUTEs.
Attribute	A single fact about a Subject; preferably boolean

Data Product

Concept Model: iStandUK General Concepts

A facility that provides controlled access to one or more ATTRIBUTEs.

Notes:

A DATA-PRODUCT will be designed to meet the requirements of a data consumer, and therefore will likely be a transformation from an operational data set, into a smaller set of ATTRIBUTES.

A Data Product may be a traditional database or spreadsheet that is updated periodically; however, a better solution is to provide an API or Data Stream that can be pulled and queried, against a pre-agreed PURPOSE and Terms.

Some partnerships are setting up a ‘Data Mesh’ in which Data Products are ‘nodes’ that are designed for consumers.

A consumer may ‘pull’ from many DATA-PRODUCTs across many Source Organisations. Conversely, a Source Organisation may find that a single DATA-PRODUCT can be re-used to satisfy the requirements of many consumers.

Attribute

Concept Model: iStandUK General Concepts

A single fact about a Subject; preferably boolean

Notes:

Preferably boolean, but can have a single value.

Examples of ATTRIBUTEs include

aged over 70
eligible for a Blue Badge